Glossary of Brain Terms
Dendrite - finger-like extensions of a neuron that receives signals or chemical messages and stimulates activity in the receiving neuron
Neurons - brain cells which are rapidly developed before birth, but are no longer formed after birth
Neurotransmitters - an on/off switch that acts as a chemical switchboard which regulates the brain's senses and behavior. Types of neurotransmitters include melatonin, seratonin, endorphins, cortisol, noradrenaline, melatonin, seratonin, endorphins, cortisol, noradrenaline
Melatonin - chemical which promotes sleep and is activated by calcium and darkness
Seratonin - low levels of this chemical are associated with aggression and anger; moderate levels- relaxation and sleep
Endorphin - chemical released in presence of pain, vigorous exercise and relaxation
Cortisol - found in saliva, this chemical regulates stress to protect our body from physical danger
Noradrenaline - leads to heightened awareness, rapid heart beat; puts body in fight or flight mode
PET Scan - (positron-emission tomography) new technology that allows scientists to see and measure the brain's activity
Plasticity - the brain's ability to develop and change in response to the demands of the environment
Pruning - the elimination of excess synapses or connections that creates a more powerful and efficient system of connections or pathways; pruning also allows the remaining synapses to function at a higher level
Synapse - a neuron connection made depending on the stimuli or signals from the brain
Wiring - the architectural design of the brain; the network of connections which allows thinking and learning
Information for this report was obtained from the Families & Work Institute, An Ounce of Prevention Fund, Dr. Dorothy Routh of Florida State University, and the national I Am Your Child campaign.